Ventricular assist devices are mechanical pumps that help a weakened heart circulate blood.
A ventricular assist device, sometimes called a VAD, is designed to support heart function and blood flow in people whose hearts are too weak to pump effectively.
These devices are often lifesaving for people suffering from severe heart failure. A VAD might be used to help the heart function while waiting for other treatments, such as a heart transplant. Other times, a VAD may be used as a long-term solution to help the heart pump blood.
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Types of ventricular assist devices
Usually, a VAD is placed in the left ventricle of the heart. A ventricular assist device may also be used for the right ventricle. In some cases, a device may need to be used to support both the right and left ventricles, called a bi-ventricular assist device (or BiVAD).
The two main types of VADs are:
- Left ventricular assist device (LVAD): This device assists the left ventricle, which is the heart’s main pumping chamber responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the body. LVADs are the most common type of VAD.
- Right ventricular assist device (RVAD): This device helps the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation. RVADs are typically used in conjunction with LVADs in cases where both ventricles need support.
What are ventricular assist devices used for?
VADs are used to help pump blood when the heart is not strong enough to function on its own.
Purposes of VADs can include:
- Bridge-to-transplant: For people awaiting a heart transplant, VADs can provide essential support until a donor heart becomes available.
- Destination therapy: For people who are not candidates for heart transplantation, VADs can serve as a permanent solution to improve quality of life and prolong survival.
- Bridge-to-recovery: In some cases, VADs are used temporarily to support heart function until the heart recovers sufficiently to maintain adequate circulation on its own.
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How do ventricular assist devices work?
VADs work by taking over the pumping action of the ventricles.
The components and functions of a VAD include:
- Pump: The mechanical pump is implanted in the chest or abdomen and connected to the heart.
- Power source: The pump is powered by a small, external control unit and battery pack that patients typically carry with them at all times.
- Blood flow: The device draws blood from the ventricle and pumps it out to the rest of the body, mimicking the natural heartbeat and maintaining adequate circulation.
People with a VAD need to manage their device carefully, ensuring that the power source is always functioning and that connections remain secure.
Regular check-ups with your health care team are necessary to monitor the device’s performance and address any issues.
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Life with a VAD
Living with a VAD involves several lifestyle adjustments and commitments to ensure optimal functioning and health. Key considerations include:
- Infection prevention: Meticulous care of the device’s exit sites (where wires exit the body) is crucial to prevent infections.
- Medication management: Continuing prescribed medications is essential to support heart function and prevent complications.
- Diet and exercise: A heart-healthy diet and regular, supervised exercise can help maintain overall health and well-being.
- Emotional support: Coping with the physical and emotional aspects of living with a VAD is vital, and patients are encouraged to seek support from family, friends, and professional counselors.
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) can offer hope for people with severe heart failure. With the ability to enhance heart function and improve quality of life, these devices can play a key role in helping people with heart failure.
