Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs within the breast tissue, often appearing as round or oval lumps with distinct edges.
Breast cysts are typically benign (non-cancerous) and vary in size. Breast cysts are common, especially in women aged 35 to 50, though they can occur at any age. Many breast cysts are influenced by hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle.
Cysts may become more noticeable or tender in the days leading up to menstruation and may decrease in size or disappear after menopause, particularly if you are not undergoing hormone replacement therapy.
Breast surgeons at WashU Medicine
Our surgeons see patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, one of the top hospitals the nation, as well as convenient area locations across the St. Louis region.
Screenings and diagnosis
While the vast majority of breast cysts are benign, it is always important to consult with a health care provider if you notice any new lumps or changes in your breasts.
Your doctor may recommend diagnostic tests such as mammograms, ultrasounds or fine-needle aspirations to determine the nature of the cyst and to ensure there is no underlying malignancy.
Regular self-examinations and routine screenings, as recommended by your health care provider, are key to early detection of any potential issues and maintaining breast health.
If you detect a lump in your breast, it’s essential to contact your health care provider for evaluation.
Common diagnostic tools include:
- Mammograms: X-ray images of the breast can help identify cysts and differentiate them from solid masses.
- Ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create pictures of the tissue, which helps determine if a lump is a fluid-filled cyst or a solid mass.
- Fine-needle aspiration: Using a thin needle, fluid can be withdrawn from the cyst, both for diagnostic purposes and to alleviate discomfort.
Treatment options
Most breast cysts do not require treatment and may resolve on their own. However, if a cyst is painful or causes discomfort, treatment options include:
- Fine-needle aspiration: This procedure using a thin needle can help drain the fluid and relieve symptoms.
- Hormonal therapy: In some cases, adjusting hormone levels with medication may reduce the incidence of cysts.
- Surgical care: Rarely, persistent or suspicious cysts may require surgical removal, especially if there are complications or concerns about malignancy (cancer).
Why choose WashU Medicine for breast health
- We see a high volume of women with breast cysts and other concerns, meaning we have the experience to provide high-quality care.
- If there is any concern about cancer or another health problem, our team of experts is here for you every step of the way.
- Our specialists see women at the Joanne Knight Breast Health Center, a dedicated imaging facility with 3D mammogram service and other breast health offerings.
Potential complications
Complications from breast cysts are rare but can include:
- Infection: If bacteria enters the cyst, an infection may occur, necessitating antibiotics or further treatment.
- Recurrent cysts: Some people may experience multiple or recurring cysts, requiring ongoing management.
Recovery and rehabilitation
Following any procedures, you will need to follow your health care provider’s aftercare instructions. This may include:
- Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with discomfort post-procedure.
- Monitoring: Regular self-examination and follow-up appointments are crucial for early detection of any changes or recurrences.
If you have any concerns about breast cysts or notice any changes in your breast, please contact your health care provider promptly. Early evaluation and appropriate management are key to maintaining your breast health.
